Technoscience Essays (1052 words) - Science And Technology Studies

Technoscience The world is changing rapidly. A single technological development can lead to an infinite number of consequential developments, each of which having varying impacts on humanity. These impacts, or indicators, display the results of technological development. Climactic, economic, social, and energy related indicators are important in showing humanity's use of technoscience, and demonstrate that certain political and economic changes are needed so that technoscientists can use their knowledge to benefit the great majority of humanity. Climactic indicators are excellent examples of humanity's misuse of technoscience. One such indicator is global temperature. It displays the results of the burning of fossil fuels and the release of nitrous oxides into the atmosphere. Production of coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear power each expanded by 1 percent in 1995 (Brown, 16). Globally, the ten warmest years out of the last 130 have all occurred in the eighties and nineties (Brown, 15). These figures demonstrate that humanity is not effectively controlling and limiting its use of fossil fuels. As a result, acid rain falls upon the earth destroying what is left of the planet's forests and, an estimated 37 percent of the fish species that inhabit thelakes and streams of North America are either in jeopardy or extinct. A second indicator that displays humanity's misuse of technoscience is the global economy. Global economic statistics show the results of the applications of technoscience. In 1995, the global economy grew by an estimated 3.7 percent the largest gain since the 4.6 percent growth in 1980 (Brown, 74). The use of technoscientific developments in various fields raised the global output of goods and services. Although this was an impressive expansion promoting employment and development, it also increased the unsustainable demands on the earth's natural systems and resources, such as the planet's forests. Applications of technoscience have established the need for wood. The forests that once blanketed more than 40 percent of the earth's land surface now cover only 27 percent of it (Brown, 19). As a result, soil erodes, and the capacity of soils and vegetation to absorb and store water is reduced. Humanity's misuse of technoscience can also be displayed with social indicators. Eighty-seven million people were added to the population in 1995 (Sachs, 88). The overwhelming majority were added to countries that were already struggling with the results of technoscience: depletion of forestry, erosion of soil, and reduction of aquifers. This added population only increased these countries' problems. Population growth is slowing in some country's, but for the wrong reasons. In Russia, the combination of economic deterioration and environmental pollution has raised death rates, while a loss of hope in the future has lowered birth rates (Brown, 19). In Zimbabwe, births still exceed deaths, but by much less than a few years ago because AIDS related deaths are increasing. Beneficial applications of technoscience could be used in the above cases to improve social situation by introducing greater population control methods and by helping to control the AIDS epidemic. Energy related indicators shoe the positive effects of technoscientific application. While the production of coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear power each expanded by 1 percent in 1995, wind electric generation expanded by 33 percent and sales of solar cells climbed 17 percent (Brown, 5658). The harnessing of wind and solar energy does not create the environmentally harmful byproducts associated with their fossil fuel and nuclear counterparts. Humanity's use of renewable energy sources can only decrease environmental problems. Charles E. Lindblom's procedure of public policy integration is an effective method by which technoscientists can be assured that their developments will be thoroughly explored so that humanity will not be hurt by their work. However, most corporations give strong incentives (bonuses, stock options) to encourage executives to diligently pursue corporate profitability (Woodhouse, 173). This results in a rapid, untested decision-making process that yields swift innovation of products and production techniques that offer short term buyer effectiveness, profits for the seller and potentially long term negative consequences to a portion of humanity, the environment or the world. Political procedures concerning technological developments must be gradual and deliberate so that the development's benefits can greatly outweigh the disadvantages. Conflicting leaders should explore developments so that each can consider the other's views. The initial

Free Essays on Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis is the most common disease of the central nervous system. In the United States alone, there are at least 250,000 cases. For reasons that remain unclear, it is more prevalent in northern temperate zones and affects noticeably more women than men. The average age of onset is thirty years. These areas of sclerosis also referred to as lesions or plaques, occur in the white matter of the central nervous system. Gray matter consists primarily of nerve cells. Axons (nerve fibers) are the connections between the cell body and the muscles, sensory organs, and primary organs such as the heart. These nerve cells are the communication system both within the central nervous system and between it and the rest of the body. Axons are sheathed in myelin, a white substance that insulates them and speeds transmission of impulses along the cell fibers. Electrical impulses move along the nerve fiber to the synapse to the next nerve cell. Symptoms of MS vary enormously, both from patient to patient and, over time, in one patient. Symptoms may include tingling, pins and needles, numbness, double or blurred vision, clumsiness of fine movements or of walking, frequency and urgency of urination, muscle weakness and spasms, pain or paralysis, in coordination, and mood or thought disturbances. Patients sometimes do not have the ability do to carry on normal daily activities. Motor symptoms include weakness, spasticity, loss of balance or in coordination, and speech disorders. Sensory symptoms include pins and needles, tingling, feelings of tightness or solidity and, sometimes, sharp pains. Visual symptoms include blurred or double vision, involuntary eye movements, and, on occasion, blindness, which is almost always temporary. Urinary symptoms are common, as are frequent urinary tract infections. Energy problems include a lack of energy, easy fatigability, and lack of endurance, particularly in the presence of heat and humidity. Heat and hu... Free Essays on Multiple Sclerosis Free Essays on Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis is the most common disease of the central nervous system. In the United States alone, there are at least 250,000 cases. For reasons that remain unclear, it is more prevalent in northern temperate zones and affects noticeably more women than men. The average age of onset is thirty years. These areas of sclerosis also referred to as lesions or plaques, occur in the white matter of the central nervous system. Gray matter consists primarily of nerve cells. Axons (nerve fibers) are the connections between the cell body and the muscles, sensory organs, and primary organs such as the heart. These nerve cells are the communication system both within the central nervous system and between it and the rest of the body. Axons are sheathed in myelin, a white substance that insulates them and speeds transmission of impulses along the cell fibers. Electrical impulses move along the nerve fiber to the synapse to the next nerve cell. Symptoms of MS vary enormously, both from patient to patient and, over time, in one patient. Symptoms may include tingling, pins and needles, numbness, double or blurred vision, clumsiness of fine movements or of walking, frequency and urgency of urination, muscle weakness and spasms, pain or paralysis, in coordination, and mood or thought disturbances. Patients sometimes do not have the ability do to carry on normal daily activities. Motor symptoms include weakness, spasticity, loss of balance or in coordination, and speech disorders. Sensory symptoms include pins and needles, tingling, feelings of tightness or solidity and, sometimes, sharp pains. Visual symptoms include blurred or double vision, involuntary eye movements, and, on occasion, blindness, which is almost always temporary. Urinary symptoms are common, as are frequent urinary tract infections. Energy problems include a lack of energy, easy fatigability, and lack of endurance, particularly in the presence of heat and humidity. Heat and hu...

Transnational Corporations and the International Human Rights Regime Essay

Transnational Corporations and the International Human Rights Regime - Essay Example Thus, a gap in governance exists, between the scope and influence of economic actors and the market forces on the one hand, and the capability of societies to address and manage the harmful effects created by globalization, on the other hand. The UN’s Human Rights Council takes the position that ‘governance gaps’ created by the speed of globalization and the failure of states to keep pace in their capacities to provide the necessary regulatory frameworks enable the ‘permissive environment’ that allows for the ‘wrongful acts by companies of all kinds without adequate sanctioning or reparation.’ There is also a need to clearly define the standards against which the actions of transnational corporations are to be assessed, and the process in addressing perceived violations. It is necessary, prior to enforcement of sanctions, to identify the elements which determine the culpability of the accused corporation. In many cases, there is a lack of precedent according to which the new cases are to be judged. There is likewise uncertainty about the legal procedure to be followed, the vesting of jurisdiction in the proper authority, even the identification of the tribunal to hear the case. Light also needs to be shed on the protocol as to how claim may be made and the party with the personality to make it, and the protections which the accused corporation may avail itself of in warding off false claims and accusations. Human rights upon which business has an impact: standards of compliance Much will be said in the course of this discussion about those human rights upon which business has significant impact. An enumeration of these rights is shown in the appendix, and the rights are classified into two – the labour rights, and the non-labour rights.2 The list was compiled

Corporate Social Responsibility and Disclosure Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Disclosure - Essay Example The abstract summarises in a very few words the contents of the paper. It is well written and divulges important and necessary information that is important from a reader’s perspective to decide whether the paper is of his/her interest or not. In the introduction, the author does a good job introducing the research topic and the reason behind choosing this topic. The introduction clearly states the purpose of the research. The research topic chosen by the author is important, mainly because of the target country/sample – Companies in Saudi Arabia. Going forward Saudi Arabia will not only play an important role in Middle East economy but also in world economy. It is one of the most important emerging markets globally and hence, the author’s topic is justified and relevant. The literature review lacks depth as it only lists the studies/research conducted on the topic and its results but fails to discuss in depth the importance of the findings of those researches. T he author has just touched upon each variable wherein in-depth discussion could have been very effective. The sample chosen and the methodology have been designed carefully by the researcher taking into consideration various factors and the population of the research. The author has explained the reasons behind the chosen research strategy. The researcher finds through this research that firm size significantly positively affects the level of disclosure while the other variables are insignificant. The researcher could have again in detail discussed the reason behind the role of different variables but instead only briefly discusses them. This leaves an opportunity for further research, to understand how and why the variables affect disclosure in companies. Article 2 - Contexts and corporate social responsibility: The case of Saudi Arabia The article looks at the different kinds of the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) related activities in Saudi Arabia. The content of the topic has been well chosen, as this area of the research has not been explored well in the near past. There are a number of the social determinants that need to be taken into the consideration in critiquing the various facets of the paper. As mentioned previously, this area of the research is very significant due to the implications of the research in this area. The definitive principle of this paper deals with the different kinds of the activities being carried out in the state. The title contents have been well chosen. The key words have been provided for the paper, which makes it easier in terms of referring to the relevant contents in terms of the key words. The credentials of the author have been given, but the previous experience in writing the papers is missing. It deals with the present area of the research. The contextual realities of the ground have been detailed. This paper has been written well in a number of the areas. But, on closer introspection; there are a number of areas that seem half-baked. The key drivers of the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) have been mentioned, but the exhaustive definition of each of the levels has not been provided. The weak points of the stakeholder have been mentioned. The characterization of these points is missing. The explanation also seems very theoretical, failing to explain the mechanisms behind it. Overall, the paper has been very well written; but

Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Decision Making - Essay Example It discusses the key decisions and information needs. Next, it highlights the importance of the marketing department and other employees of the organization. As the report continues, it provides a market research plan for Grand Days Out plc which can be used to attract older population. At the end, it discusses the importance of understanding consumer buying behaviour and the consumer decision-making process. There are many matters that a business needs to concentrate on. However, some of the matters need more attention than others. Critical Success Factors are those important areas of activity that need to be performed well with full attention in order for a business to achieve its goals. (MindTools) The goal of our company, as you all know, is to increase our market share and compete with the strong competition out there. However, we are not at a stage where we can put a lot at risk. There are many Critical Success Factors that you all might think are critical for the company, however, according to me, the three critical success factors are firstly, attracting the grey euro, increasing company morale and retaining current customer. The following diagrams summarize the three Critical Success Factors, the key decisions and their information needs briefly. The first Critical Success Factor is attracting the futur... customers have always been the younger market, in order to attract the older population, our marketing department will have to change the way our potential customers see our services. Therefore, our key decision is to change our marketing mix so that newer markets (grey euro) can be attracted. In order to change our marketing mix, we will have to carry out a market research and study our target market thoroughly so that we can design our advertisement campaign and our services accordingly. Our information requirements are therefore sources of information on these people, their requirements and how we fulfill them. We can use primary and secondary research to collect this data. Secondary research can be used to find out older population's statistic. Primary research can be used to find out their requirement. This could include carrying out focus groups, one-to-one interviews and surveys with randomly selected respondents between the ages of 50-60. This research will help us figure out the niche in the market and what our target customers want from our services. Our second Critical Success Factor is increasing the morale of the company employees. This is absolutely necessary in order to increase productivity and hence, efficiency. For this, our key decisions will be to invest in training and development of skills of our present employees and also provide the staff with benefits. However, it is not as simple as this. We need to carry out research to find out what areas our staff needs training programs for and what motivates them. Some employees can be motivated by monetary while the others can be motivated by non monetary benefits. By carrying out this research, we can find out exactly what will increase our staff's morale. Interviews, observation and surveys can be

Policies for Child Protection

Policies for Child Protection Introduction and Overview The concept of children having specific rights is of comparatively recent origin. Traditional perceptions of society towards children have for centuries held them to be emotionally, physically and intellectually immature, incapable of looking after their own selves and inadequately equipped to make their own decisions (Bronfrenbrenner, 1979). With children furthermore being regarded as little more than possessions of parents, (with no personal rights of their own), the law has historically also granted unquestionable rights for chastisement and corporal punishment to parents (Bronfrenbrenner, 1979). The subservient status of children in British society even a hundred years ago can be gauged from the fact that whilst the prevalence of child cruelty was common knowledge in the 18th and 19th centuries, the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals came into being, in 1840, practically half a century earlier than the creation of the National Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children (Bronfrenbrenner, 1979). Such was the widespread social and political agreement on the rights of parents to do as they willed with their children. Even in the days of the industrial revolution the penalty for seriously harming an animal was far more severe than for causing grievous injury to a defenceless child (Bronfrenbrenner, 1979). Although preliminary work on enhancement of children’s rights started haltingly in 19th century Victorian England, the perceived need to take better care of children grew and received concrete legislative backing only in the first half of the 20th century (Maier, 1979). Initial work in the area however focussed primarily on health, safety and education of children, and stopped well short of intruding upon the foundational rights of parents, or the patriarchal rights of fathers with regard to ownership and control (Maier, 1979). Legislative inroads into the all encompassing rights of parents, vis-à  -vis their children, grew rapidly only after the Second World War, and resulted in (a) the rising legal authority of social workers to protect children, and (b) the establishment of rights of children for primary and secondary education, as well as for comprehensive health facilities (Prout, 2000). Whilst the interventionist policy of the British welfare state reached its apex during the late 1970s, (and was based upon the idea that the state had every right to step in for the protection of children, if those caring for them failed to do so), this approach was toned down significantly in the wake of the dismantling of the welfare infrastructure in the mid 1980s (Prout, 2000). The enactment of the Children’s Act 1989, in the wake of the 1987 Cleveland Report, (Therapy with Children) brought about a sea change in the practice of service delivery, and the state and agency relationship for social work practice was subsequently recast by New Labour into today’s working partnership approach (Prout, 2000). Partnership working, a process that is at the heart of current initiatives of service delivery in community and social work, involves, as per the Audit Commission of 1998, a â€Å"joint working arrangements where parties, (which) are otherwise independent bodies, †¦ agree to co-operate to achieve common goals, create a new organisational structure on process to achieve these goals, plan and implement a joint programme and share relevant information, tasks and rewards† (Aldgate Statham, 2001, p 36). Whilst partnership working in social work is not a brand new concept and was in fact taken up during the years of the welfare state, (in various urban and community development partnerships in the 1970s, as also in the regeneration partnerships in the 1980s), its use in service delivery became widespread only after New Labour, which had previously announced its intention of shifting from a culture of contracting to one of partnership, came to power in 1997 (Aldgate Statham, 2 001). The working partnership model for service delivery can be considered to be significantly different, both from the bureaucratic functioning of Old Labour and the market orientation of conservatives; it is based on trust and communication, rather than on command or on price mechanisms (Aldgate Statham, 2001). Debate over the growing authority of social workers with regard to the protection of children, especially in the context of their staying with their parents or being entrusted to care, reached significant proportions for the first time in 1975, in the case of seven year old Maria Caldwell, where the social worker misrepresented the actual position of the case to the court and forced the child to return to her natural parents, despite the child having formed close bonds with her foster parents (Bullock Others, 1993). With little heed having been paid to the wishes of the child, (who used to repeatedly run back to her foster home), the decision of the court, on the recommendation of the social worker, led to the tragic death of Maria. The conviction of her father for manslaughter was followed by public outrage and debate that resulted in the enactment of the Children Act 1975, which in turn called (a) for taking the feelings of children into account in care decisions and (b) for their right for representation by a court appointed social worker, rather than by the social services department of the local authority (Bullock Others, 1993). Whilst media and public debate continued to focus on the need for interdisciplinary working between health, education, social services, and the police, in issues relating to child protection, the next watershed occurred only in 1987 when 121 children in Cleveland were taken into care by social service authorities on concerns of physical and sexual abuse at their natural homes. With opinion on the issue being sharply divided with the social workers and the medical fraternity on one side and the media and the police on the other, the Cleveland Report, (prepared by a committee set up to specifically investigate the matter), commented adversely on the breakdown of communication between agencies and the dominant tendencies of agencies to act without considering the feelings of children; it also discussed the possibility that parents might well act against the interests of their children and recommended the need to involve children in the decision making process (Prout, 2003). The Children Act 1989, which was influenced by the findings of the Cleveland Report, caused a major shift in child care policy; away from state intervention in family life; towards partnership with families and caregivers; and with an emphasis on child intervention in decision making (Prout, 2003). Despite the introduction of such legal and policy safeguards, the tragic affair of young Victoria Climbie, who was abused, tortured, and ultimately killed, in April 2000, by her aunt and the man with whom she lived, under the eye of social service agencies, revealed that true partnership in working, and consideration of the wishes of the child, was yet to take place (Prout, 2003). Commentary The report that followed the death of Victoria Climbie was accompanied with the publication of a green paper called Every Child Matters, which focussed on four key themes, (a) increasing the focus on supporting families and carers, the most critical influence on children’s lives (b) ensuring necessary intervention takes place before children reach crisis point and protecting children from falling through the net, (c) addressing the underlying problems identified in the report into the death of Victoria Climbie, namely weak accountability and poor integration, and (d) ensuring that the people working with children are valued, rewarded and trained (Background to †¦, 2008). The green paper was followed by intense debate and consultation with people working in children’s services, parents, children, young people and other members of society, and led to the publication of Every Child Matters: the Next Steps, and the enactment of the Children Act 2004 (Background to †¦, 2008), steps that provided legislative support for developing more effective and accessible services directed around the needs of children, young people and families, and the use of partnership working in child protection, the focus of this essay. The rights of children in present day Britain are legally protected by laws that deal especially with the protection and well being of children, as well as by laws on health care, education, and social security (Prout, 2003). Children’s rights are protected by family law, education law and employment law. The United Nations Convention on Human Rights, ratified by the UK in 1991, not only gives children over 40 specific social, economic, cultural/civil and political rights, but also provides guidance on how governments should enumerate and protect these rights (Prout, 2003). Whilst the British legal framework provides a robust support system for safeguarding children’s rights, New Labour has, over the last decade also worked at establishing the concept of working in partnership by all bodies, schools, local authorities, medical relief agencies, carers, and parents, for protecting children; it is a concept that calls for active involvement of parents and consultation with children as well as for their participation in the decision making process (Milligan Stevens, 2006). With participation with children also being a key tenet of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the practice of service delivery is shifting to include the views, opinions and experiences of children and young people in care, as well as in their natural homes (Milligan Stevens, 2006). This principle, that of enabling children to participate in the decision making process, however continues to be a topic of intense debate, with many individuals still remaining unconvinced of the ability of children to rise above their emotional predilections and take logical decisions. As the recent case of Baby P, the 17 year old infant who was tortured and murdered by her mother and her boyfriend in Haringey Council of North London shows, it clearly does not apply to children who are too young to express their feelings or to develop opinions. Whilst the benefits of allowing children to participate actively in decisions that concern their emotional and physical well being have been underlined time and again and indeed are integral to the modern partnership working model, it is difficult to apply the same yardstick, as is normal with adults, to all children (Milligan Stevens, 2006). The maturity and learning of children, child psychiatrists confirm, are strongly influenced by their life experiences, which include their natural home or care environments and their access to health services, as well as by care and learning programmes (Emond, 2003). A number of research studies reveal that the quality of early childhood life and programmes can significantly improve the ability of children to do well in education, work and in life; this being especially true of children who are experiencing disadvantage (Emond, 2003). Whilst such studies do point towards the existence of sharp differences in the abilities of children from diffe rent backgrounds to participate in decision making, such issues are accentuated for children in care or in disturbed domestic situations, because of the absence of the democratic process in their everyday lives (Emond, 2003). Extant research also points to the fact that notwithstanding governmental initiatives and instructions to social workers to involve children in decision making, the views of children or youth are seldom considered, not just by administrators but also by researchers. Two recent research exercises one by Berridge and Brodie, in 1998, and Thomas, in 2005, on children’s homes, whilst delving in depth on views of managers and social workers, give scant attention to the views of children (Stevens, 2006). Such attitudes, which are too ingrained to be removed by recent legislation, dampen cognitive evolution and the ability and confidence of children to participate in decision making. â€Å"Residential child care units may be seen as sites where these micro-political processes can be seen at work. Children in residential child care tend to be among the most powerless in social terms and reports of their opinions rarely contain their actual views† (Stevens, 2006). The extent to which children can participate, experts argue, can also be linked to the way they are perceived in society. Children in care are by and large perceived with ambivalence, either as possible victims who require to be taken care of, or as potential threats who need controlling; â€Å"one of the consequences of this ambivalence is that they are seen as passive recipients of services, and not as â€Å"active and creative actors, as a subject and citizen with potentials† (Stevens, 2006). Osborne and Bromfield (2007) concluded on the basis of an extensive study on children in care that the decision making facilities of such children can be affected in small and large ways by a multitude of developments. â€Å"Even small oversights can have a lasting and negative impact on the child or young person; for example, not being told why workers had moved on, or not being able to bring a pet to a new placement. Such occurrences can compound feelings of loss, grief, sadness and the feeling of being ‘different’ from other children and young people† (Osborne and Bromfield, 2007) A â€Å"CREATE† Foundation report (2004) found that children were also affected by negative care experiences that arose from systemic defects like the ones elaborated below: â€Å"(a) slow systemic procedures that prevented timely and adequate response, (b) court processes that did not adequately consult with children and young people, (c) lack of resources, support and training for carers and caseworkers, (d) inadequate early intervention strategies to support families to stay together and prevent entry into care (e) inadequate entry into care support, (f) inadequate support and preparation for young people preparing to leave car, and (g) inadequate post-care support.† (CREATE Foundation, 2004) Similar issues come up when children live in disturbed natural homes and feelings of insecurity and attachment could well make them cling on to oppressive natural parents or opt to remain in distressful conditions. Issues of culture and overall family environment also play a large part in shaping the response of children in disturbed homes, and partnership agencies and parents need to understand this phenomenon and respond accordingly. Children from ethnic backgrounds often face specific challenges on account of the different cultural environment of their homes, their inadequate English language skills, and the exclusion of their families from mainstream society. â€Å"There is apparent under-reporting of child sexual abuse in Britain’s Asian communities and a varied capacity amongst professionals to respond with cultural competence. Professional approaches originate in cultural contexts, which are often different from those of most British Asians. If the proportion of children and non-abusing carers from Asian communities who access relevant services is to increase, professionals need to develop better understandings of cultural imperatives which determine behaviour in those communities. Consultations with Asian women in Bradford reinforce the view that culturally competent practice and respectful dialogue are essential to the protection of children. They also highlight a number of recurring themes. Members of Asian communities are aware of child sexual abuse, they recognize that the issue needs to be addressed by all communities and they report that many of those affected within their own communities have found it difficult to acces s relevant services† (Gilligan, Akhtar, 2005). Decisions regarding removal of children from natural homes also need to take account of the influence of grandparents and fathers upon children and not be swayed totally by considerations of maternal ability and circumstance. With the role of grandparents in the lives of children reducing steadily, the role of fathers in child development, welfare and protection has never been more important. Fathers play critical roles in child development that often go much beyond that of providers of economic security, and incorporate nurturing, caring and supporting activities. Fathers play strong roles in (a) healthy child development in the home and school context, (b) creation of gender identity for both male and female children, (c) responsible sexuality and reduction of teen pregnancy, (d) emotional and social commitment, and (e) financial security. Whilst current service methodologies are women focussed, with social workers feeling more comfortable working with mothers, partnership working calls for much greater involvement of fathers, where possible, as well as consideration of the feelings of children about being separated from their fathers. â€Å"Mothers are the gate keepers to the father’s participation. Mothers have to believe that the family will benefit from the father’s participation. Furthermore, this discussion implies a systemic bias for excluding fathers. It is easier to manage the ongoing interactions over the course of a case by working only with one parent, the mother. In frontline practice, the potential for a compliant relationship with the mother takes precedence over a comprehensive working relationship with all the family.† (Father Involvement †¦, 2005) Mothers and social workers need to involve fathers as much as possible for partnership working to be more responsive towards child needs. Involvement of fathers by agencies could however lead to complications where relationships between parents are strained or in case of divorced and single mothers. Maternal grandparents can play significant roles in such conditions in creating conducive environments for protection and welfare of children and their involvement in partnership working could prove to be immensely beneficial. Conclusion The building of effective partnerships for protecting children is dependent upon involving all relevant agencies, namely the local authorities, social work agencies, schools, medical providers, police, community organisations, parents, and children. The recent episode, involving the horrific murder of the 17 month old child, known as Baby P, at the hands of her young mother and her boyfriend, despite the active engagement of social workers and medical practitioners, (Hyland, 2008) should not be seen as an aberration but as an indicator of the potential dangers faced by children in extremely different conditions and the individual and collective responsibilities that need to be exercised by all partnership members. The incident also reveals the vulnerability and limitations of methodologies that depend upon taking the opinion of children in cases where they are too young to express themselves. The extent of cooperation between social workers and parents also plays a critical role in the success of working partnerships. Whilst the barriers that come about because of cultural differences between social workers and members of Britain’s ethnic communities, especially from concepts of shame and honour, have already been elaborated earlier, barriers of class, income and education can also lead to lack of communication between social workers and parents and affect the appropriateness of decisions that concern child protection. In such cases, where unintended and invisible power differences work against the establishment of an equal working partnership, it is the paramount responsibility of social work agencies and social workers to build the foundation of a stable, democratic and equal working partnerships, take special pains to find out the wishes of affected children, and involve them as far as possible in the decision making process. The problems associated with knowing the wishes of children are complex; they differ from individual to individual, can be applied only to children over a certain age, and can even otherwise be solved only with patience, open mindedness, respect for children, and understanding. Working in partnership with parents for the protection of children, whilst a desirable objective, has numerous limitations and needs to be approached with care and caution. The adoption of a one shoe fits all approach in such cases is inherently fallible and can lead to horrific tragedy, as was evidenced by the Baby P tragedy, where the social workers kept the child with the mother despite numerous indicators of the dangers of doing so. Policy makers and social workers need to realise that all methodologies have their advantages and limitations. Social workers need to work with empathy; they need to scrutinise the working of all involved agencies, as well as parents, and refrain from being blinkered or authoritative in their approach, if they are to protect today’s beleaguered children from the fate that befell Maria Caldwell, Victoria Climbie, and Baby P. Words: 3290 References Ainsworth, F, (1997), Family-Centred Group Care: Model Building. Aldershot: Ashgate. Aldgate, J, Statham, J, (2001), The Children Act Now: Messages for Research. London: The Stationery Office. Background to Every Child Matters, (2008), Every Child Matters: Change for Children, Retrieved December 18, 2008 from www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/aims/background Badham, B, Wade, H, (2005), Hear by Right: Standards for the Active Involvement of Children and Young People. Swindon: NYA/LGA. Barber, J. G., Delfabbro, P. H., Cooper, L. (2001). The predictors of unsuccessful transition to foster care, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 42(6), 785–790. Bowes, J. M. and Hayes, A. (2004), Contexts and Consequences: Impacts on Children, Families and Communities, in J. M. Bowes (ed) Children, Families and Communities: Contexts and Consequences, Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Bowlby, J. 1951 Maternal Care and Mental Health, London: World Health Organization. Bronfrenbrenner, U, (1979) The Ecology of Human Development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bullock, R, Little, M, Millham, S, (1993), Going Home, Aldershot: Dartmouth. Berridge, D, Brodie, I, (1998), Children’s Homes Revisited, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Cashmore, J, (2004), Child Protection and Substitute Care: The Responsibility of Families, Community and State’, in J. M. Bowes (ed) Children, Families and Communities: Contexts and Consequences, Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Colton, M., Sanders, R. and Williams, M, (2001) An Introduction to Working with Children: a Guide for Social Workers, Houndmills: Palgrave. CREATE Foundation, (2004). In their own words: Experience of ACT children and young people in care. Canberra: Office of the Community Advocate, Delfabbro, P. H., Barber, J. G., Bentham, Y, (2002), Children’s satisfaction with out-of-home care in South Australia, Journal of Adolescence, 25, 523–533 DeLeon, P, (1997), Democracy and the Policy Sciences, New York: State University of New York Press. Dryzek, J. S, (1990), Discursive Democracy: Politics, Policy and Political Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Emond, R, (2003), Putting the Care into Residential Care: The Role of Young People, Journal of Social Work 3(3): 321-337. Father Involvement in Child Welfare, (2005), Jordan Institute for Families, 11, 1 Fulcher, L. C, (1985), Group Care Practice with Children, London: Tavistock. Gardner, H. (2004a). Perceptions of family: Complexities introduced by foster care. Part 1: Childhood perspectives. Journal of Family Studies, 10, 170–187. Gibbs, I, Sinclair, I, (1999), Treatment and Treatment Outcomes in Children’s Homes, Child and Family Social Work, 4: 1-8 Gilbertson, R., Barber, J. G, (2002), Obstacles to involving children and young people in foster care research, Child and Family Social Work, 7, 253–258. Gilligan, P Akhtar, S, (2005), Cultural Barriers to the Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse in Asian Communities: Listening to What Women Say, British Journal of Social Work, 36(8):1361-1377 Hyland, J, (2008), The tragic death of Baby P, WsWs, Retrieved December 18, 2008 from http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/dec2008/baby-d04.shtml Maier, H, (1979), The Core of Care: Essential Ingredients for the Development of Children at Home or away from Home, Child Care Quarterly 8(4): 161-173. Milligan, I, Stevens, I, (2006) Residential Child Care: Collaborative Practice, London: Sage. Milner, J. (2001), Women and Social Work, Basingstoke: Palgrave. O’Neill, C, (2004), I remember the first time I went into Foster care—It’s a long story†¦ Children, permanent parents, and other supportive adults talk about the experience of moving from one family to another. Journal of Family Studies, 10, 205–219. Osborne, A Bromfield, L, (2007), Participation of children and young people in care in decisions affecting their lives, Australian Institute of Studies, 6 Prout, A, (2000), Children’s Participation: Control and Self-Realisation in British Late Modernity, Children and Society, 14(4): 304-315. Sinclair, R, (1998), Involving Children in the Planning of their Care, Child and Family Social Work 3: 137-142. Stevens, I, (2006), Consulting Youth about Residential Care Environments in Scotland, Children, Youth and Environments 16(2): 51-74. Retrieved December 18, 2008 from http://www.colorado.edu/journals/cye Thomas, N, (2005), Has Anything Really Changed? Managers’ Views of Looked after Children’s Participation from 1997-2004, Adoption and Fostering, 29(1): 67-77. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, full text version. Retrieved on December 18, 2008 from www.unicef.at/kinderrechte/download/crceng.pdf Ward, H, Skuse, T Munro, E.R, (2005), The Best of Times, the Worst of Times: Young People’s Views of Care and Accommodation, Adoption and Fostering, 29(1): 8-17.

Technologies role today :: essays research papers fc

Technology is a key element in the world today. It plays an important role in almost everything. Education is no exception to this; technology has been present in education for many years now. The purpose of this paper is to discuss why education is better with the addition of technology. More importantly, I am talking about this so that my audience will become more aware of how technology supports what is being done in education. Technology in schools has made drastic improvements within the last five years. Computers have gone from being in every school, to being in every classroom. Access to computers specifically has become very easy for students to obtain. Technology isn’t restricted to computers; there are also projectors, DVD players, VCR’s, and video screens that are used today. These wide varieties of useful classroom tools have become very common in schools today. Heartland Community College supports the growth of technology in education very well. HCC has stepped up to the highest demands of technology by offering computers in every classroom. Also, the school provides each classroom with overhead projectors, which are run by touch screens placed near computer systems in every classroom. The overhead light show presents the pictures onto the pull-down screen in the front of every classroom, via DVD, VCR, or computer screen. These are many of the options available for students and teach ers to use at HCC. This available technology helps advance the learning process and saves time. Furthermore, the learning process is easily enhanced when technology is used. First, with Internet access in each classroom, it allows the teacher to access massive amounts of information in just a few seconds. This information can be given to the students in a clear, easy to read format as it is projected onto the screen. With such easy access to information, students are able to learn more in a smaller time span, while teachers are able to be more efficient in how they teach. This makes the education a person gets from their school more valuable for their money; and money is important as college costs continue to rise. Most of these new technological advances aren’t cheap. Technology has brought the price of schools to higher levels, forcing the budget of schools and students to be changed. These plans are very well thought out and work in accordance to many of the programs the government has already set-up for schools.

Progress with Technology: Do More With Less

Do More Advancements in collecting information, spending cost, and daily incoming data is ever growing. Moving forward in business needs can and will grow your company. As the world evolves in many aspects of life, the needs of a company's evolution are also a part of those changes. We once rode in horse and buggies and using that horsepower, developed into a much faster more efficient way of travel. Stepping into the technological world of business will also create that for your work environment.The components of the system hat you recommend including input devices, output devices, and storage. There are multiple components to a system that allows you to get the best use of your computer. Common daily uses of mail, cal and contacts are interchangeable between your Mac and PC. The compatibility of the Mac allows you to open most files from software that a PC uses. There are a number of input devices that can be useful to enhance your technology. The use of trackballs, multiple mouse options to suit the needs of the user, and scanners that will allow you to digitally store forms and paperwork.Sending hose to different departments for their use decreases the need for paper and reduces storage room for paper files. Planning for the storage of these files is important. A structure for backing up information or data is a must and can benefit for a quick reference no matter the date of the file. Organizing the process is critical at the start of the implementation. Having multiple ways to store information from a simple jump drive, to complete system back up storage in the need of systems failures.Maintaining a regular process of backing up information or having a default system to automatically ace up critical data is a safe, onsite way to returning to normal operations in a short matter of time. Using cloud storage of information can be another option with security measures in place. Having the ability to plug into the cloud to access needed data from any part in t he world has unlimited possibilities. With the use of mobile devices, you are able to access, create, and update inventories. Hand held scanners and bar code scanners will allow instant updates to the entire on hand account of needed inventories.This will decrease the time it takes to reorder products and assist in maintaining real mime sales possibilities. The mobile devises that have screens will allow employees to view documents and if they have touch screen capabilities, you have a mini mobile computer for processing information while you are on the floor. The operating system, utility, and application software that you recommend. There are comparisons between using Windows and Mac (SO X) operating systems. According to differ. Com, the most common is the PC using a Windows operating system.Pros for using a system that is Windows based are; it is used by more people at home and businesses, and has more f a common knowledge from most that use a computer system. Cons for the PC is the continuing need for upgrading and security issues. Since multiple companies' manufacturer the PC, security breeches are more common on a Windows operating system. The Mac, which uses the SO X, has one manufacturer, being Apple Inc. , and offers platforms that have less of a signature for mallard because of the lower exposure to hackers.According to multiple sources, both systems are in need of security software to ensure the safety of your system, but for now the Mac is less of a target (Mills, 2010). There are multiple standard utility software programs to maintain the systems within your Mac. Disk utility, network utility, terminal, CPU monitor are a few examples. The utility software performs the maintenance-type tasks that are related to managing your computer. There are hundreds of utilities listed in the Mac App Store on the tunes web site.Depending on what your needs or wants are, you are able to get them and keep them updated with the touch of a button. With the latest SO X operating system, my recommendation for starting your business is the MS Office program. It is imputable with both operating systems and can be used and applied to fit all of your companies need. In the Office program, you are able to use Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, and Powering presentation and to organize your daily office activities; Outlook will keep your daily events easily available for reference.SO X is well known as the easiest-to-use of operating systems, Apple's SO X still deserves that title. It's also the king of content creation. Like Linux, it's a variant of Unix, and shares many of its benefits. However, its high price tag is a deterrent for many businesses. SO X and any of its applications are optimized around creating content, whether written or visual. It makes the process hassle-free, seamless, and pleasurable. And the emphasis on user interface is unparalleled. This SO is much more stable than any Windows system.Users of SO X have access to much of t he vast available library of free, open source software. While the amount of SO X mallard is increasing, there is far less than that which targets Windows machines. However, users should still take reasonable security measures. The initial cost of investment may turn off many businesses from adopting SO X as their main operating system. Apple tends to update SO X about once a year. The annual cost of chasing these upgrades can add up. SO X runs only on Apple hardware.While this hardware tends to be state of the art, if there's a hardware platform you'd rather use, it's not an option (Alexander, 2014). The company's communication and network needs. With multiple departments having the need to access information and data at the same time, setting up a server to provide your clients, (computers within each department), is a quick and easy open door to the endless information Agway to the Internet. Setting up your server will also network your access to multiple output devices such as p rinters and scanners.This reduces your cost of the hardware itself, plus saving thousands of dollars on ink cartridges and paper use. Establishing your companies network, links your business information together again having all needed data, which is gathered in seconds compared to hours and days as before. Securing your server and setting up parameters only allowing what you want the employees to access on the Internet is also an advantage to keeping the company files safer. There are multiple ways to network your company. A common use today is using wireless technology.The systems you begin with and the installation Of a wireless router Will save on having the need for physical wires being install in the building. Although a LANA is necessary, the more wireless systems you have, the less for cost of hardwired computer stations. There are advantages to being plugged into a LANA system, as it increases the speed of your access time on the Internet. The more wireless systems that go through the router, the slower the access, so planning your stations is a key advancement to increasing your productivity for your departments.The database management system that you recommend. The need for data input is necessary to upkeep current status of multiple areas of your business. The database management system that works well with the Mac is software called Filmmaker Pro. According to filmmaker. Com, Filmmaker Pro will allow you to input a wide variety of information that can be used in multiple ways. There are flexible design tools; multiple platform sharing, reports and charts can be created. Being able to link this data to added departments and sharing secure information for reference is capable.Being able to use and share mobile devices with a free app download puts all of your current information in your hand, retrievable at a touch. The key to making any database management system successful is the constant upkeep of the information. Data entry is a steady flow proc ess that has to be maintained. Maintaining a secure, single source entry point will keep all information accurate and up to date. Putting password protection on certain information will only allow departments, like Human Resources, access for protected needs.You can maintain HEAP laws and insure that those who do not have the need to see them do not see personal files. About development of the information system In formation Establishing the information system your company will need can be calculated by each department. Using the systems that will assist each departments needs and having the ability for them to reference the same software will allow maximum use of resources and assets. Sharing collections of data techniques will align your company's information for easily retrieval.With the different informational needs from each department, developing worth-term and long-term assessments of data can insure all of your needs are met. The enterprise integration of the new information system. As information and data comes in, the managers will have the thrill of bringing what the company needs from ground level upwards. Being able to plan, by establishing goals and deciding on strategies and tactics that are needed to meet those goals are essential. Organizing the company resources will allow you to meet the goals that are planned for. Directing the company towards achievement of the goals set can be done in numerous ways.By erect communications, the use of the newly installed technology, or the recommend process of using them both, will be a step towards success. Overseeing and controlling the process is crucial in maintaining accurate positions of the company's progress. Your recommendations for harnessing the power of the Internet and the World Wide Web to give the company a competitive advantage. According to Churn, small businesses only benefit from the use of the Internet. The Internet, being the powerful tool that it is, can make a business more productiv e and profitable.When using emails and he Internet effectively, a business can be helped to streamline activities, establish easier communications with customers, and even generate new customers or clients-?all while helping to reduce business expenses. Using Internet resources for your business, can reduce, or eliminate the need for traditional postal mailing and all of the costs associated with that contact method. The Internet makes it easy to stay in contact with your customers via email and online networking tools such as; discussion boards, chat rooms, and social networking sites like Faceable.Using Internet communication lolls effectively, you can keep up a continuous dialogue with customers and prospects. The Small Business Association (SABA) explains that even small mom-and-pop shops can generate additional business with a no-frills website and by posting in newsgroups. You can send special offers and announcements to existing customers via email, send links to your online catalog when a new product is released, or post virtual coupons via social networking sites. Application Service Providers (ASPS) provide a variety of ready-made applications to help you run day-to-day operations in your business.These Internet services help with finance management, inventory control and human resources, allowing you to lower costs while also reducing the time and labor force needed to run the business. ASPs can assist with streamlining customer support requests as well. Providing online product documentation and frequently asked questions, for example, enables your customers to get support twenty-four hours a day, without engaging a customer service representative. Setting up your business on the Internet can be a lucrative way to attract customers, expand your market and increase sales.Advertisements can announce special events your company is sponsoring, contests, and special sales or discounts (Burns, 2014). Web browsers based on the ‘point and click' prin cipal which is so popular in today's software, are freely available over the Internet and allow access to all the World Wide Web has to offer. It is not only the order that the Web has brought to the Internet that has made it so popular. A great deal of its attraction stems from its excellent user- friendly front-end. Web pages can contain graphics, photographs, sound and even video clips in addition to plain text.In his book devoted to the Web, Winder (1995) states that there are at least 5 million Web pages in existence today, with more and more being added all the time. The Web is believed to be growing at twice the rate of the Internet as a whole. Web traffic increased by in the year 1994 (Cookbook, 1995). According to Internationalists. Com; around forty percent of the world population has an Internet connection today. In 1995, it was less than one percent. The number of Internet users has increased tenfold from 1999 to 2013.The first billion was reached in 2005. The second bil lion was in 010 and the end of 2014 will reach the third billion. The chart and table below show the number of global Internet users per year since 1993: Stepping into the enhanced world of technology is a wonderful, productive, and cost saving experience. Developing and maintaining records and company assets, establishing a process that will not only reduce cost but the organization of information, creates a better atmosphere of all members and how they feel about the improvement of the company.

Improve Your German Pronunciation With Tongue Twisters

Improve Your German Pronunciation With Tongue Twisters German tongue twisters are known as tongue breakers in German, or  Zungenbrecher. Many of the classic German tongue twisters easily fit that unique description, and they can also be an amusing and entertaining way to practice your German pronunciation.   German Tongue Twisters Here is a collection of German tongue twisters - with an English translation of each one. Want more tongue breaking? Here is a collection  of more tongue-twisters. 1.  Acht alte Ameisen assen am Abend Ananas. Eight old ants ate pineapple in the evening. 2.  Allergischer Algerier, algerischer Allergiker. Allergic Algerian, Algerian allergic 3.  Esel essen Nesseln nicht, Nesseln essen Esel nicht. Donkeys dont eat nettles, nettles dont eat donkeys. 4.  Es klapperten die Klapperschlangen  bis ihre Klappern schlapper klangen. The rattlesnakes rattled until their rattles sounded run-down. (This is a Schà ¼ttelreim, or goat rhyme, as is the the next one.) 5.  Es sprach der Herr von Rubenstein,  mein Hund der ist nicht stubenrein. So  spoke Mr. von Rubenstein, my dog, hes not house-trained. 6.  Es grà ¼nt so grà ¼n, wenn Spaniens Blà ¼ten blà ¼hen. It turns so green when the flowers in Spain flower. (This is the German version of The rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain from My Fair Lady.) 7.  Fischers Fritz ißt frische Fische, frische Fische ißt Fischers Fritz.   Fischers Fritz eats fresh fish; fresh fish eats Fischers Fritz. (This can be compared to the English Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.)   8.  Hottentottenpotentatentantenattentat Hottentot potentates aunt assassination. (Note: the correct term for Hottentot is actually Khoi-Khoi, a people from what is now Namibia.) 9.  Im dichten Fichtendickicht sind dicke Fichten wichtig. In the thick spruce thicket thick spruces are important. 10.  In Ulm, um Ulm, um Ulm herum. In Ulm, around Ulm, all around Ulm. 11.  Die Katzen kratzen im Katzenkasten, im Katzenkasten kratzen Katzen. The cats scratch in the cat box,  in the cat box scratch the cats. 12.  Die krumme Katze tritt die krumme Treppe krumm. The crooked (hunched) cat goes down the crooked stairs crookedly. 13.  Der Cottbuser Postkutscher putzt den Cottbuser Postkutschkasten. The Cottbus postal coach driver cleans the Cottbus postal coach chest. 14.  Ob er à ¼ber Oberammergau, oder aber à ¼ber Unterammergau, oder ob er à ¼berhaupt noch kommt, ist ungewiß! Whether hes coming via Oberammergau, or perhaps via Unterammergau, or not at all, is uncertain. 15.  Der Pfostenputzer putzt den Pfosten, den Pfosten putzt der Pfostenputzer. The post-cleaner cleans the post, the post is being cleaned by the post-cleaner. 16.  Wenn Fliegen hinter Fliegen fliegen, dann fliegen Fliegen Fliegen nach. When flies fly behind flies, then flies fly after flies. 17.  Wenn hinter Griechen Griechen kriechen, kriechen Griechen Griechen nach. When Greeks creep behind Greeks, Greeks creep after Greeks. 18.  Wenn meine Braut Blaukraut klaut, dann ist sie eine Blaukrautklaubraut. If my bride steals red cabbage,  then shes a red cabbage-stealing bride. 19.  Zehn Ziegen zogen zehn Zentner Zucker zum Zoo, zum Zoo zogen zehn Ziegen zehn Zentner Zucker. Ten goats pulled ten centners of sugar to the zoo,  to the zoo pulled ten goats ten centners of sugar.(A hundredweight,  der Zentner, equals 50 kilograms, 100 Pfund or 110 U.S. pounds.) 20.  Zwischen zwei Zwetschgenbumen zwitschern zwei Schwalben. Between two plum trees twitter two swallows. Need Help? If youre struggling with the tongue-twister, ask a German native to say it for you or look online to hear the pronunciation. It can help to hear it, not just read it.   Start slowly;  practice just small chunks of a tongue twister first.

History of the Death Penalty

History of the Death Penalty Free Online Research Papers The death penalty has been debated since the beginning of civilization. The death penalty was first developed by the Greeks for major punishment. The first method that they used was stoning however, today it is mostly done by a lethal injection or hanging. Today a total of 94 countries and territories use the death penalty for any kind of crime, including the United States. In the other 57 countries in the world, the death penalty no longer exists. There are currently thirty-four out of fifty states to still have the death penalty. Should the death penalty be allowed, or should it be abolished? There are plenty of reasons that one would consider the death penalty. The person that committed the crime deserves to be punished. If the person that committed the crime killed people than he should have to die for that crime. There is an ancient saying that states â€Å"An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth†-Hammurabi, 1792. This means that you if do something to harm another person, that same thing will be done to you. If we fallowed this rule today the person that committed a crime would get the death penalty. There are several events in our society that would qualify for the death penalty. The rule is basically if you kill a lot of people you will receive the death penalty. When somebody is sentenced to life in prison, rather than the death penalty, they have to be paid for to keep them alive. We have to pay that money from our taxes to keep a criminal alive. If he is going to spend that long in prison, he might as well be dead. Also, the victim’s famil y deserves revenge from a man that killed one of their family members. If someone is only in prison for a short amount of time, but committed a serious crime, he could get out and cause even more trouble. This person should be gotten rid of right away by the death penalty. There are also several reasons that the death penalty should be abolished. If a prisoner is given twenty years and changes while he’s in there, he deserves to be free. Everybody deserves a second chance. A good example of this is Michael Vick. He was sentenced to a couple of years in jail for dog fighting. After he does his time the NFL says he won’t be able to play any more. If he does his time and has good behavior, he should be able to play again. What if a prison is tried and proven guilty and sentenced to the death penalty, but later is proven innocent. What should happen then? There was a story where a man was sentenced to life in prison, but later after twenty years it turned out that he didn’t commit the crime. What should this man get for having to spend twenty years in jail. It is reasons like these that we should not have the death penalty. If a person is sentenced to many years in prison, he can get out and have good behavior, and go on to live a normal life. Should people who have mental retardation be given the death penalty? There was an incident in 1989 where a man was sentenced to the death penalty. The lawyer had not realized that he had not told the judge that the man was mentally retarded. The jury said that they would have never proven him guilty if they knew that he was mentally retarded. It is reasons like this that the death penalty should be abolished. Should the death penalty be allowed, or should it be abolished? I believe that the death penalty should be allowed. If you get into enough trouble to go to prison for life, you should have to die for committing the crime. We also have to pay for prisoners to stay in jail. They could also get out early and cause more harm than what they did before. An example of this is Saddam Hussein; if he was not hanged right away he would go out and cause even more trouble. The death penalty should be allowed to any country that wishes to do it. Research Papers on History of the Death PenaltyThe Fifth HorsemanThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

IT Project Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IT Project Management - Coursework Example The problems that develop through this acknowledges more in regard to the protection of children. Various technological innovation approaches help us understand the existing interactions between the information systems, and those people in operating them. The purpose of understanding these interactions is to show how the various approaches contribute to an evidence base, and future development of the information systems. This will enable users to enhance their abilities, and also in discovering their needs. The increased approaches to growth in management of the risks accrued to children are apparent in the western societies. The attempts to enhance safety, through formalizing organizational methods and implementation of the information systems, may incorporate opposing views. The analysis of the failings in organization settings should aim in the prevailing information system weaknesses that increase the probability of the risk of failing. Citing a report finding from a two year ESR C funded study involving ethnography, and looking at the local adaptations of practice from the performance context of the front door modernization, we give attention to the short cuts that the recent configuration tends to apply, using the increasingly audit needs, and timescales. Better and new methods of governance can elaborately work as an efficient player in terms of managing the failings. However, the design of a better system requires to be incorporated with the requirements of the practitioners who have a wide understanding of their working environments. The state can develop a much broader view of concern about how the risk constitutes to children and function the people equipped with knowledge should do in relation to this. This means the governance aims in safeguarding rather than child protection. Social technical systems show how organization development develops work design that recognizes the relationship that exists between technology, and people in their places of work. It shows the interaction between a man’s behavior and the complex infrastructures. It focuses on the methodology and related skills. Social technical is a source of optimization which shares emphasis on obtaining an excellent technical performance. They show the relationship of the social technical design principles and their essentiality. They also focus on managing information systems in terms of effectiveness, management, and also in business ways. It shows the importance of the general management in designing and processing information systems, and hence achieving a successful design and promoting the innovations hence meeting the organization objectives. The technologies develop within the social world and experts in the information technology experts. A relevant principle of the social technical interaction is within the philosophical values and premises. A significant section of this developed and efficient teamwork process is participation. Participation involve s co-ordination of the process that exists between experts and people. The existing interaction of the two parties involved leads to an innovation of an effective organization design. In the process of participation, all the parties involved should be considered and respected. This is because they all have a contribution to the improvement and to the success of the project. Another part is design of the social technical and is inseparable from its result. The design process further divides into

Sociology - Written Review (1000 words) - PREMIUM WRITER NEEDED MAJOR Essay

Sociology - Written Review (1000 words) - PREMIUM WRITER NEEDED MAJOR IN SOCIOLOGY - Essay Example l personage who offers them his intentions, his sentiments, rather than his acts, far their consumption.† (1977: p 261) He also emphasises on the nature of and need for the intimate relationships among the individuals by making a comparison of present-day intimate socio-cultural relations with those of the past. The writer vehemently sustains the very fact that the modern man takes intimacy as the ethically beneficial act, a source of personality development and the way to overcome social evils from the environment. This type of philosophy and the desire for solving the individual problems through moral values may put the very meanings of intimacy in serious jeopardy. â€Å"This ideology of intimacy†, Sennett declares, â€Å"defines the humanitarian spirit of a society without gods: warmth in our god.† (1977: p 259) The feelings of alienation in the past have given birth to the present day intimacy. The writer is of the opinion that reckoning the past memories brings disappointment and remorse, and pushes man to perform something wrong in utter remorse; but it should not be the only mania to be recollected from the past; rather, a comparative analysis of the olden days is highly supportive in detecting the quintessence of customs, norms, mores and traditions prevailing in the contemporary times. In addition, such analyses facilitate the individuals alter their life style accordingly, as the distances between the individuals have left indelible imprints on them on the one hand, and have made them learn how to go closer to family, friends and relations on the other. â€Å"The past†, Sennett views, â€Å"built a hidden desire of stability in the overt desire for closeness between human beings.† (1977: pp 259-260) The people witnessed inadequate approach towards interaction even with the close relations during 18th and 19th centuries, particularly during the last deca des of the Victorian Era, which brought untoward modifications in socio-cultural unit. Hence, people